Terpenes evaporate at temperatures typically below 100°C, with specific boiling points varying depending on the individual terpene. In the context of cannabis oil distillation, terpenes are separated using short path distillation under vacuum conditions to reduce the required temperatures for evaporation.
Detailed Explanation:
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Boiling Points of Terpenes: Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in cannabis and other plants. They have lower boiling points compared to cannabinoids like THC and CBD. For instance, while THC begins to evaporate at 157°C and CBD at 160 to 180°C, terpenes typically evaporate at temperatures below 100°C. This difference in boiling points is crucial for their separation during distillation processes.
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Short Path Distillation: This method is used to separate terpenes from cannabis crude oil. It involves heating the oil under controlled vacuum conditions. The vacuum reduces the atmospheric pressure, allowing the terpenes to evaporate at lower temperatures. This is important because higher temperatures can degrade the terpenes, affecting their aroma and therapeutic properties.
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Evaporation Under Vacuum: In short path distillation, the vacuum level is adjusted to a range of 0.001 to 1 mbar. This adjustment ensures that terpenes evaporate selectively without reaching the higher temperatures needed for cannabinoids. The evaporated terpenes are then collected through condensation, preserving their integrity.
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Importance of Temperature Control: The reference highlights that at about 100°C, volatiles including some water evaporate. This is significant for terpenes as they are volatile and sensitive to heat. Maintaining temperatures below their degradation points is essential to retain their beneficial properties.
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Preservation of Terpenes: The text emphasizes the fragility of terpenes and the need for careful temperature control during distillation. By selectively pulling terpenes at the right temperatures, they can be preserved for later use in various products, enhancing the flavor and therapeutic effects of cannabis extracts.
In summary, terpenes evaporate at temperatures generally below 100°C, with precise boiling points depending on the specific terpene. The use of short path distillation under vacuum conditions allows for the efficient and selective evaporation of terpenes at lower temperatures, ensuring their preservation and quality.
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