The disadvantages of diffusion pumps include their dependency on holding pumps, limitations in pressure range, complexity in sizing for specific applications, and potential issues with the types of oils used.
Dependency on Holding Pumps: Diffusion pumps cannot operate independently and require a holding pump to maintain low inner pressures during idle modes. This setup necessitates the concurrent operation of multiple pumps, which can complicate the system and increase operational costs.
Limitations in Pressure Range: Diffusion pumps are designed for very low pressure applications, typically reaching pressures as low as 8.0 x 10-6 Torr. This makes them unsuitable for applications that do not require such extreme vacuums. For less demanding vacuum requirements, a simpler two-stage system can be used, which can achieve pressures up to 4.5 x 10-2 Torr, making the three-stage system with a diffusion pump unnecessary and less efficient.
Complexity in Sizing for Specific Applications: Sizing a diffusion pump correctly for applications like rotovap can be challenging. An overpowered pump might not allow vapors enough time to condense in the condenser, while an undersized pump could be exposed to higher pressures than it can handle, leading to premature wear and damage. This variability in performance based on the specific conditions of the application can make it difficult to ensure optimal operation.
Issues with Types of Oils Used: The operation of diffusion pumps heavily relies on specific types of oils, such as polyphenyl ether and perfluoropolyether. While these oils offer benefits like resistance to electron bombardment and chemical inertness, they also come with drawbacks. Polyphenyl ether is more expensive than common silicone oils, and perfluoropolyether, while highly resistant to chemical degradation, decomposes into toxic gases. This necessitates careful handling and additional safety measures, adding to the complexity and cost of operation.
In summary, while diffusion pumps are effective for achieving very high vacuums, their operational requirements, limitations in pressure range, difficulties in sizing, and the complexities associated with the oils used present significant disadvantages that must be carefully considered in their application.
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