The composition of an evaporator depends on the type of evaporator being discussed.
1. Conventional Evaporator
For a conventional evaporator, it is usually made of aluminum.
It consists of a series of internal tubes or "flow paths" with fins attached to them.
The evaporator is designed to allow air to pass freely through the fins, similar to a radiator.
It typically has three sections: the heat exchanger, the evaporating section, and the separator.
The evaporating section is where the liquid boils and evaporates.
The separator is where the vapor leaves the liquid and passes off to the condenser or other equipment.
The evaporator may be contained in a single vertical cylinder, with a steam heating section in the center.
Baffles at the top allow the vapor to escape while preventing liquid droplets from accompanying the vapor.
2. Rotary Evaporator
For a rotary evaporator, the main components include:
Water/Oil Bath
This is a heated bath that encloses the main rotary flask.
It is used to indirectly heat the contents of the process.
It is usually equipped with electric heaters and is appropriately insulated for safety.
Rotary Flask
This is the main component where the process fluid is initially charged.
It is typically made of borosilicate glass 3.3.
Its construction is important for smooth rotation along the central axis.
Mechanical Seal and Motor Unit
These components are responsible for smooth and leak-proof rotation of the flask at a constant speed.
RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)
This is placed just above the vapor tube to measure the vapor temperature before it goes into the condenser.
It is inserted inside a glass thermowell to ensure that the contact parts are strictly made of borosilicate glass 3.3 and PTFE.
Condenser
A shell & coil type condenser is chosen, with suitable heat transfer area to prevent pressure build-up due to excessive un-condensed vapors.
It is preferably placed in a vertical orientation for efficient condensation.
Condensate-Collecting Flask
This is located at the bottom of the condenser to catch the distilling solvent after it re-condenses.
Vacuum System
A vacuum system is used to substantially reduce the pressure within the evaporator system.
It can range from a simple water aspirator with a trap immersed in a cold bath to a regulated mechanical vacuum pump with a refrigerated trap.
Additional Features
Modern rotary evaporators may include digital control of vacuum, digital display of temperature and rotational speed, and vapor temperature sensing.
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