Distillation affects purity by separating a compound from a non-volatile or less-volatile material based on their different boiling points.
When a mixture is distilled, the components with higher boiling points remain as liquid, while the components with lower boiling points vaporize and are collected.
Distillation is a crucial step in achieving purity because it allows for the separation of desired compounds from impurities.
The temperature during distillation is critical, as it determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the process.
Vacuum distillation is often used to lower the boiling temperature and prevent alteration of the chemical makeup of the distillates.
In the case of short-path distillation for CBD oil production, distillation is a crucial step to obtain a final product without terpenoids, flavonoids, and contaminants such as residual solvents and pesticides.
This technique helps to remove impurities and improve the quality and purity of the CBD oil.
It is impossible to completely purify a mixture by distillation because at the boiling point of a mixture, all the volatile constituents boil.
However, the composition of the resulting vapor is determined by the partial pressures of the compounds in the mixture.
Compounds with higher partial pressures will be concentrated in the vapor, while compounds with lower partial pressures will be concentrated in the liquid.
Therefore, it is not possible to obtain a completely pure sample of a component from a mixture via distillation.
However, distillation can still produce samples of high purity when one of the components in the mixture has a partial pressure close to zero.
Different types of distillation methods can be used, such as simple distillation and fractional distillation.
Simple distillation is suitable for samples with components that have a large difference in boiling points, but it provides low degrees of separation.
On the other hand, fractional distillation, often performed using a spinning band column, allows for greater separation by increasing vapor-liquid contact and creating additional stages of separation.
Overall, distillation is a crucial step in achieving purity by separating compounds based on their boiling points, but complete purity is not achievable due to the nature of the vapor-liquid equilibrium in mixtures.
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