Simple distillation is a fundamental technique in chemistry used to separate liquids based on their different boiling points.
To perform this process, you need a specific set of equipment. Here are the five essential components:
5 Essential Components You Need to Know
1. Round-Bottom Flask
The round-bottom flask is the primary piece of glassware that holds the liquid to be distilled.
It is crucial for containing potentially hazardous chemicals and should be securely clamped to a ring stand using a three-pronged clamp.
2. Heat Source
The round-bottom flask is placed above a heat source, which can be a steam bath, hot plate, or heating mantle.
This source is essential for heating the liquid to its boiling point.
3. Y-Adaptor
The Y-adaptor sits on top of the round-bottom flask and serves as a connector for the condenser.
4. Condenser
Attached to the Y-adaptor, the condenser is crucial for cooling and condensing the vapors emitted from the heated liquid.
It is secured using a Keck clip and versatile clamp.
5. Receiving Vessel
This is where the condensed vapors, now liquid, are collected.
It is positioned below the condenser to catch the distillate.
The setup is designed to separate liquids based on their different boiling points.
The mixture is heated, and as the components with lower boiling points vaporize, they are immediately condensed in the condenser and collected in the receiving vessel.
This process continues until all components are separated, provided their boiling points differ by at least 70 degrees Celsius.
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