When the pressure is reduced in a rotary evaporator, several things happen.
5 Key Effects of Reduced Pressure in a Rotary Evaporator
1. Lower Boiling Point
The presence of reduced pressure in the rotary evaporator causes the solvent in the round bottom flask to boil at a lower temperature than normal.
This is because reducing the pressure lowers the boiling point of the solvent.
By reducing the boiling point, the solvent can evaporate more quickly.
2. Increased Evaporation Rate
The reduced pressure in the apparatus, combined with the rapid rotation of the sample, increases the surface area of the sample.
This increased surface area facilitates a quicker evaporation process of the solvent.
As a result, the solvent evaporates at a faster rate.
3. Improved Efficiency
By operating under reduced pressure, the rotary evaporator allows for more efficient solvent removal.
The lower boiling point and increased evaporation rate enable the solvent to be evaporated more effectively, leaving behind the desired sample.
4. Vacuum Distillation
The basic principle of a rotary evaporator is vacuum distillation.
The vacuum pump lowers the internal pressure in the system, which in turn lowers the boiling point of the liquid.
This allows substances that would decompose or degrade at higher temperatures to be distilled before they reach their boiling points during atmospheric distillation.
5. Condensation and Collection
As the gas-phase substances evaporate and rise through the glass tubes, they reach the condensing part of the rotary evaporator.
Here, the substances are cooled and condensed back into liquid-phase.
The liquid-phase substances are then transferred into a receiving flask, which serves as the final destination for the extracted substances.
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