Molecular distillation is also known as short-path distillation.
This process is used for chemical separation under high vacuum conditions.
It relies on the difference in the mean free path of different molecules rather than boiling point differences used in traditional distillation.
4 Key Points to Understand Molecular Distillation
1. Principle of Operation
Molecular distillation operates under high vacuum.
This means the pressure is significantly reduced.
The reduction in pressure allows molecules to travel a greater average free path.
In molecular distillation, this path is greater than the distance between the evaporation and condensation surfaces.
2. Separation Mechanism
Unlike traditional distillation, molecular distillation separates components based on their evaporation rates.
Under high vacuum, lighter molecules can evaporate and travel to the condensing surface faster than heavier molecules.
This achieves separation based on the difference in their evaporation rates.
3. Application and Advantages
This technique is particularly useful for purifying heat-sensitive materials.
It includes certain chemicals, natural products, and pharmaceuticals.
The short path and low pressure minimize exposure to high temperatures, preventing degradation.
The process occurs quickly, reducing the residence time of materials in the heated zone.
4. Equipment and Setup
The typical setup includes a spinning disc that pre-heats the feed material.
The material then evaporates quickly due to the low pressure.
The distillate condenses on the outer shell and is collected.
The residual matter is collected separately.
This setup ensures efficient separation and collection of both desired and residual components.
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