The lowest temperature for sterilization using steam in an autoclave is 121°C (250°F).
This temperature is maintained for a minimum of 30 minutes in a gravity displacement sterilizer to ensure the complete killing of microorganisms.
4 Key Points to Know About Steam Sterilization
1. Steam Sterilization Process
Steam sterilization is the most reliable method of sterilization.
It uses moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure.
This method is effective because steam is rapidly microbicidal and sporicidal, and it quickly penetrates fabrics and materials.
2. Parameters of Steam Sterilization
The process involves four key parameters: steam, pressure, temperature, and time.
The ideal steam for sterilization is dry saturated steam with a dryness fraction of at least 97%.
Pressure is used to achieve the high temperatures necessary to kill microorganisms quickly.
3. Common Sterilizing Temperatures
The two commonly used temperatures for steam sterilization are 121°C (250°F) and 132°C (270°F).
These temperatures must be maintained for a specific time to ensure microbicidal activity.
For instance, at 121°C, the recommended minimum exposure time is 30 minutes for wrapped healthcare supplies in a gravity displacement sterilizer.
4. Boiling Point and Environmental Pressure
The boiling point of water increases with higher pressure.
In an autoclave, increasing the pressure raises the temperature at which water boils, allowing for higher sterilization temperatures.
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