The temperature for short path distillation of cannabinoids typically ranges from 130 to 180 degrees Celsius. This range is chosen to minimize the degradation of cannabinoids, particularly CBD, which is sensitive to heat. The process involves heating the oil in a jacketed vessel, forming a thin film on the evaporation chamber wall, and collecting the cannabinoid vapor in a temperature-controlled central condenser unit that operates at a cooler temperature, usually around 60-70 degrees Celsius.
Detailed Explanation:
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Heating and Evaporation: The feedstock of oil is introduced into a jacketed vessel heated by an oil circulating temperature control unit. The typical distillation temperature range is set between 130-180 degrees Celsius. This range is selected to avoid excessive heat that could degrade the cannabinoids, especially CBD. The oil is spread into a thin film on the evaporation chamber wall by a special wiper, which facilitates the evaporation of more volatile components like terpenes.
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Collection of Cannabinoids: The evaporated cannabinoids are attracted to a central condenser unit that operates at a cooler temperature (60-70 degrees Celsius). This cooler temperature is crucial for condensing the cannabinoid vapor effectively without causing further degradation. The temperature differential between the evaporation chamber and the condenser ensures that the cannabinoids are efficiently collected.
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Low-Pressure Distillation: To further protect the CBD from heat degradation, short path distillation is often conducted under low pressure or vacuum. This technique reduces the boiling temperature of the distillates, allowing for the separation of cannabinoids at lower temperatures. This method is essential for maintaining the purity and yield of CBD, as higher temperatures would lead to product degradation and financial loss.
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Temperature Control in the Condenser: The condenser's temperature is carefully controlled to ensure it is sufficiently cooler than the evaporation chamber. Typically, the condenser operates at around 50 degrees Celsius, which is cold enough to recondense the vapors effectively without the need for a traditional chiller. This temperature control is vital for preventing clogging and ensuring the efficient collection of cannabinoids.
In summary, short path distillation of cannabinoids operates within a specific temperature range (130-180 degrees Celsius) to prevent degradation of sensitive compounds like CBD. The process involves precise temperature control at various stages, including the evaporation and condensation steps, to ensure high-quality and efficient separation of cannabinoids.
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