The applications of vacuum evaporation are diverse and span across various industries. One common application is in the treatment of industrial wastewater. Vacuum evaporators are used as a clean and safe technology to treat wastewater, allowing for zero-discharge treatment systems with low management costs.
In the optics industry, vacuum evaporation is utilized to coat optics and ophthalmic lenses. Multiple layers are evaporated onto the lenses to enhance their properties, such as anti-reflective coatings, hard coatings, protection against infrared or ultraviolet light, sun protection, and mirror coatings. Vacuum chambers with large diameters are used to hold several hundred lenses, and the lenses are fixed in specially designed rotable calottes to ensure uniform thin films on all products in one batch.
Vacuum evaporation is also important in the consumer packaging industry. Larger coating machines create web coating for packaging foils, where films like aluminum are applied to plastic foils in "roll-to-roll" web coaters. These thin films create a protective barrier against air and moisture, prolonging the freshness and shelf life of consumer goods. The vacuum systems used in these production machines have to handle large amounts of degassing due to the large foil surfaces to be coated. Typically, large oil diffusion pumps are used for pumping the air, supported by cold panels to condense water vapor. Cryogenic refrigerators or cryochillers are used to cool the cold panels, providing high pumping speed for water vapor inside the chamber.
Rotary evaporators, a type of vacuum evaporator, have a wide range of applications as well. They are used for separation and purification of compounds, such as solvents, inorganic salts, and acids. Rotary evaporators are also used for concentrating samples by removing solvents or other unwanted substances. In addition, they are utilized for the extraction of essential oils from plants and other natural sources. The rotary evaporator is also used in the preparation of samples for further analysis, such as in the development of new drugs or chemicals.
In the industry, rotary evaporators find applications in various fields. They are used for educational and informational purposes in schools, laboratories, museums, and other facilities that employ heavy machinery. Rotary evaporators are also used in chemical, educational, fuel, and environmental industries for research and practical purposes.
Overall, the applications of vacuum evaporation, including both thermal evaporation and rotary evaporation, are widespread and encompass areas such as optics, consumer packaging, active ingredient development and extraction, environmental testing, food safety testing, and concentration and purification experiments in various industries.
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