Autoclaving is a process that uses pressurized steam to sterilize equipment and materials.
It effectively kills microorganisms and denatures proteins.
This method is particularly effective because it uses "wet heat," which penetrates materials more efficiently than dry heat.
4 Key Steps to Sterilization
1. Steam Generation and Air Removal
The process begins by boiling water to produce steam.
The steam is then introduced into the autoclave chamber.
As the steam enters, it displaces the air.
The air is either removed by a vacuum pump or by displacement in smaller models.
This step is crucial because the presence of air can impede the penetration of steam and reduce the effectiveness of the sterilization process.
2. Pressurization and Sterilization
Once all the air is removed, the exhaust valve is closed to increase the pressure and temperature inside the chamber.
The steam continues to be added, raising the temperature to between 121°C (250°F) and 135°C (273°F).
The pressure is increased to approximately 15 pounds per square inch.
This high temperature and pressure are necessary to achieve sterilization.
The sterilization time varies from three to 20 minutes, depending on the load's contents and size.
3. Cooling and Pressure Release
After the sterilization period, the exhaust valve is opened to release the steam and reduce the pressure inside the chamber.
This step helps to cool down the sterilized load, preparing it for safe handling and use.
The Three Main Phases of Autoclaving
Purge Phase
Steam displaces air within the chamber, and temperature and pressure increase.
Exposure (Sterilization) Phase
The exhaust valve is closed, maintaining the set temperature and pressure for the required sterilization time.
Exhaust Phase
Pressure is released, and the chamber is returned to ambient pressure.
Autoclaving is a highly reliable method for sterilizing laboratory equipment and decontaminating biohazardous waste.
It ensures that the materials are safe for use and free from infectious agents.
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