When it comes to distillation processes, the required vacuum level can vary significantly.
The vacuum level typically ranges from 1 mbar for general applications to as low as 0.1-100 Pa for molecular distillation.
The choice of vacuum pump depends on the specific requirements of the distillation process.
Oil-free diaphragm pumps are suitable for general use, while oil-sealed rotary vane pumps offer deeper vacuum levels for more demanding applications.
General Distillation: Achieving the Right Vacuum Level
For general distillation purposes such as suction, concentration, and vacuum drying, a vacuum level of up to 1 mbar is usually sufficient.
This level of vacuum can be easily achieved using an oil-free diaphragm pump.
Oil-free diaphragm pumps are less sensitive to corrosive and condensing vapors compared to oil-sealed rotary vane pumps.
These pumps are ideal for environments where the presence of oil is undesirable or where the vapors might be corrosive.
Molecular Distillation: The Importance of High Vacuum
Molecular distillation requires a much lower vacuum, typically in the range of 0.1-100 Pa.
This high vacuum is necessary to increase the mean free path of molecules.
It allows molecules to travel from the heated surface to the condensation surface without colliding with other molecules.
This process is crucial for heat-sensitive materials as it minimizes their exposure to heat, thereby reducing heat damage.
The short distance between the heated and condensation surfaces in molecular distillation ensures that the heating time is minimal, further protecting the sensitive materials.
Essential Equipment for Distillation
Vacuum Pump
For distillation, especially short path distillation, a chemically resistant vacuum pump capable of achieving deep vacuum levels (at least 50 microns) is essential.
Rotary vane pumps, particularly oil-sealed ones, are preferred due to their ability to reach the best vacuum depths.
However, due to the chemically abrasive nature of the process, it is recommended to change the oil before each distillation to maintain peak performance.
Cold Trap
A cold trap is crucial in a distillation setup.
It captures any vapors that pass through the condenser, thereby protecting and prolonging the lifespan of the vacuum system.
Vacuum Controller
To optimize distillation efficiency and prevent issues like explosive boiling, a vacuum controller or valve is necessary to precisely control the vacuum level.
The ultimate vacuum of diaphragm vacuum pumps can reach as low as 2 mbar, while circulation pumps offer about 50 mbar, making them suitable for controlled vacuum settings.
Continue Exploring, Consult Our Experts
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