The advantages of IR spectrophotometry include the ability to use less sample compared to other methods, such as Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR), and the capability to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio. This method allows for control over signal intensity by adjusting sample concentration or increasing the pathlength through the addition of extra sample and KBr to the pellet die. The intensity of the signal increases with the mass, following the Beer-Lambert law, which states that absorbance is directly proportional to the pathlength. This feature provides operators with the ability to manipulate peak intensities, which is particularly beneficial when identifying weak bands from trace contaminants, as it significantly improves the limits of detection.
FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrophotometry is advantageous as it compares the light passing through the system with and without the sample. Using a KBr pellet, which typically contains only 1% sample by weight, ensures that the sample does not block the path of the infrared light, maintaining the reliability of the comparison. This method is practical and ensures that the right amount of sample is used in the system, as KBr is transparent to infrared light.
IR spectroscopy is versatile, applicable to the characterization of solid, liquid, or gas samples, provided that the material containing the sample is transparent to IR radiation. Commonly used salts like NaCl and KBr are suitable for this purpose. Various techniques for preparing solid samples include the mull technique, where the sample is mixed with Nujol to form a paste, and the solid run in solution technique, where the solid sample is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent and then evaporated to leave a thin film of the solute.
The compact and ergonomic design of IR spectrophotometers makes them space-efficient and easy to operate, suitable for various settings including jewelry stores. They offer precise determination of trace elements and harmful heavy metals, which is crucial for assessing the value and refining needs of materials. The built-in dual CCD cameras and optional small spot collimators enhance the precision of sample positioning and detection of smaller samples. Additionally, the portability and battery operation of some models make them highly adaptable for different environments.
Overall, IR spectrophotometry is remarkably fast, user-friendly, and provides reliable accuracy and precision. It eliminates the need for handling harsh chemicals, reducing the risk of burns and damage to attire or surfaces, making it a safer and more efficient analytical tool.
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