A vacuum pump is designed to create a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, whereas a normal pump typically operates within or above atmospheric pressure. The primary difference lies in the pressure range they operate in and the methods used to achieve the desired pressure levels.
Vacuum Pumps: Vacuum pumps are specialized compressors that work to reduce pressure below atmospheric levels, often aiming to reach atmospheric pressure or higher. They are characterized by their high pressure ratios, necessitating the use of multistage machines to achieve the desired vacuum levels. These pumps are essential in creating partial or low-pressure vacuums by removing gas or air molecules from a sealed chamber. The vacuum levels can range from rough or low vacuum to high vacuum and ultra-high vacuum, with industrial vacuum pumps typically categorized as ultra-high vacuum (UHV) types, capable of achieving pressures lower than about 100 nanopascal.
Normal Pumps: In contrast, normal pumps, such as positive displacement pumps or centrifugal pumps, operate within or above atmospheric pressure. They are designed to move fluids or gases from areas of lower pressure to higher pressure without necessarily creating a vacuum. These pumps do not focus on achieving a pressure lower than the surrounding atmospheric pressure but rather on maintaining or increasing pressure to facilitate the movement of fluids or gases.
Operational Differences: The operational differences between vacuum pumps and normal pumps are significant. Vacuum pumps often require multiple stages or types of pumps in series to achieve the desired vacuum levels, such as using a positive displacement pump followed by a diffusion pump or a turbomolecular pump. Normal pumps, on the other hand, operate with simpler mechanisms, focusing on pressure increase rather than reduction, and do not typically require complex staging or specialized vacuum-achieving techniques.
Conclusion: The key distinction between vacuum pumps and normal pumps lies in their operational goals and the pressure ranges they handle. Vacuum pumps are engineered to create and maintain pressures significantly lower than atmospheric pressure, often involving complex systems and multiple stages. Normal pumps operate within or above atmospheric pressure, focusing on the movement and pressure increase of fluids or gases without the need to create a vacuum.
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