Test sieves, despite their simplicity, are critical instruments in particle sizing and gradation testing. The accuracy of test sieves is not guaranteed by ensuring each individual opening is exactly the specified size, but rather through statistical methods that predict overall conformance. This is achieved by measuring a certain number of apertures and using statistical forecasting to judge the level of accuracy.
Statistical Accuracy and Calibration: Calibration sieves, which have about twice as many openings and wires measured as inspection sieves, offer a high level of accuracy with a confidence level of 99.73%. These sieves are used as references to calibrate working sieves, ensuring that the working sieves maintain the necessary precision for accurate particle size analysis. The verification of new test sieves can be specified when ordering, and re-verification is performed to check the performance of used sieves, contributing to an internal quality control/quality assurance program.
Sieving Agitation and Maintenance: The accuracy and repeatability of test sieve results are significantly influenced by the method of agitation used. Manual agitation, which involves manually shaking the test specimen in one sieve at a time, is known for its poor repeatability and accuracy. This method does not account for individual technician's physical size, strength, or other factors, and is inefficient as it tests samples with one sieve at a time. Therefore, more controlled methods of agitation, such as using sieve shakers, are recommended for critical applications to ensure consistent and reliable results.
Variations in Sieve Cloth: Test sieves are made of woven mesh material, and variations in the weave are common. The likelihood of finding two sieves with an identical distribution of opening sizes is extremely low. These variations can affect the reproducibility of test results between sieves. To manage this, stringent standards imposed by organizations like ASTM and ISO establish tolerance factors that allow for permissible variations in the weave while maintaining a level of uniformity in the performance of 'test grade' sieve cloth.
In summary, the accuracy of test sieves is maintained through careful calibration, controlled agitation methods, and adherence to strict standards that account for natural variations in sieve cloth. While it is not feasible to guarantee the exact size of each individual opening, these practices ensure that test sieves remain reliable and accurate scientific instruments for particle sizing and gradation testing.
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