The main disadvantage of zirconia is its high cost and the challenges associated with its processing, particularly in the context of CAD/CAM systems used for dental restorations.
High Cost: Zirconia tends to be more expensive than traditional materials like metal-ceramic crowns. This higher cost can be a significant barrier for patients and dental practices, especially in regions where budget constraints are a concern. The expense is not only in the initial purchase of the material but also in the maintenance and replacement of milling tools due to the rapid wear caused by the high strength of fully sintered zirconia blocks.
Processing Challenges in CAD/CAM Systems: Zirconia blocks used in CAD/CAM systems are available in two forms: fully sintered and presintered. Fully sintered zirconia has a lower volume fraction of pores, greater strength, and improved resistance to hydrothermal aging, but it requires longer milling times and causes rapid wear of machining tools. Conversely, presintered blocks are easier to shape but must be sintered after milling to achieve maximum strength, which introduces the need to account for sintering shrinkage before milling. This complexity in processing can lead to increased production time and costs, and potential inaccuracies in the final product if not managed properly.
These disadvantages highlight the trade-offs involved in using zirconia, despite its superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The high cost and technical challenges in processing must be weighed against the benefits, such as its aesthetic appeal and durability, when considering zirconia for dental applications.
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