Pre-sintered zirconia is a partially processed form of zirconium oxide used in the dental industry for creating dental restorations.
It is characterized by its chalk-like texture and lower density, which makes it suitable for milling into dental crowns and bridges before undergoing a final sintering process to achieve full density and strength.
5 Key Points Explained
1. Composition and Formation
Pre-sintered zirconia begins as a slurry containing zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide, and other trace compounds.
This mixture is pressed into blocks or cylinders at room temperature, resulting in a material that is soft and easy to shape.
2. Characteristics
In its pre-sintered state, zirconia has a chalk-like appearance and texture, which is ideal for milling operations.
Its density is only about 40% to 50% of its maximum theoretical density, making it less dense and harder than fully sintered zirconia.
3. Processing
Before being used in milling, pre-sintered zirconia must be fired in a furnace to harden it into a state suitable for milling.
This process removes binders and prepares the material for the next stage of processing.
4. Sintering Process
The sintering process is crucial for transforming pre-sintered zirconia into a fully dense and strong material.
During sintering, the zirconia is heated to temperatures between 1,100°C to 1,200°C, causing it to transform from a monoclinic to a polytetragonal crystalline state.
This transformation increases its density, strength, and translucency, making it suitable for dental restorations.
5. Application in Dentistry
Pre-sintered zirconia is widely used in dentistry for creating dental crowns and bridges.
Its ease of milling and subsequent sintering capabilities make it a preferred material for dental restorations due to its biocompatibility, durability, and aesthetic properties.
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