Materials used in welding brazing include a variety of metals and alloys, each chosen for specific properties such as melting point, wettability, strength, and corrosion resistance. The most common types of brazing materials are:
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Aluminium-based Brazing Materials: Eutectic aluminium-silicon brazing material is widely used due to its good wettability, fluidity, and corrosion resistance. It is particularly favored in the aviation and aerospace industries for manufacturing complex aluminium structures.
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Silver-based Brazing Materials: These materials have a low melting point and excellent wetting and caulking performance. They are versatile, capable of brazing almost all ferrous and non-ferrous metals. To enhance their properties, elements like zinc, tin, nickel, cadmium, indium, and titanium are often added.
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Copper-based Brazing Materials: These are based on copper and include elements like phosphorus, silver, zinc, tin, manganese, nickel, cobalt, titanium, silicon, boron, and iron to lower the melting point and improve overall performance. They are extensively used in brazing copper and copper alloys, carbon steel, cast iron, stainless steel, high-temperature alloys, and hard alloys.
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Nickel-based Brazing Materials: These materials are based on nickel and include elements like chromium, boron, silicon, and phosphorus to enhance thermal strength and reduce melting points. They are widely used in brazing stainless steel, high-temperature alloys, iron-based alloys, and diamond, among others, offering excellent resistance to high temperatures and corrosion.
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Cobalt-based Brazing Materials: Typically based on Co-Cr-Ni, these materials are excellent for brazing cobalt-based alloys. The addition of silicon and tungsten can further enhance their properties, such as reducing the melting temperature and improving high-temperature performance.
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Titanium-based Brazing Materials: Titanium, an active metal with high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance, forms brazing materials with strong oxidation resistance and good wettability. These are used in vacuum brazing, diffusion brazing, and sealing for a variety of materials including titanium alloys, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, graphite, and ceramics.
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Gold-based Brazing Materials: Comprising main alloy components like nickel, copper, palladium, zinc, indium, germanium, and tin, these materials are suitable for brazing copper, nickel, logable alloys, and stainless steel. They are particularly used in the aviation and electronics industries for critical components.
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Palladium-based Brazing Materials: These are categorized into brazing materials for graded brazing in the electronics industry, high-temperature and heat-resistant brazing materials, and those with special properties. They are used in industries such as electric vacuum and aerospace.
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Amorphous Brazing Materials: Developed through rapid cooling and quenching technology, these materials are used in various applications including plate-fin coolers, radiators, honeycomb structures, and electronic devices. They are available in nickel-based, copper-based, copper-phosphorus, aluminium-based, and tin-lead varieties.
Each of these materials is selected based on the specific requirements of the application, including the type of base metal, the environment in which the joint will operate, and the mechanical requirements of the joint. The choice of brazing material significantly impacts the integrity and performance of the brazed joint.
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