To prevent vacuum leaks, several measures can be taken:
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Ensuring Proper Manufacturing and Assembly: The most critical step is to strictly measure the shapes and dimensions during manufacturing. This ensures that the components fit together perfectly, reducing the likelihood of leaks.
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Testing Airtightness: Regular testing of the airtightness of gas flow systems, including the state of flange installations, is essential. This can be done using helium leak detectors or residual gas analysis to locate tiny leaks that are not visible to the naked eye.
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Maintenance and Replacement of Sealing Compounds: Keeping track of previous leak locations and replacing temporary sealing compounds is crucial. This proactive approach minimizes future problems and prevents unanticipated equipment downtime.
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Use of Inert Gases: Purging gas flow systems with inert gases helps prevent leaks and contamination. This is particularly important in systems where reactive materials are processed.
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Reducing Outgassing: Outgassing can be minimized by desiccation prior to vacuum pumping. High-vacuum systems require metal chambers with metal gasket seals, which are more reliable than rubber gaskets used in low vacuum systems. The system must be kept clean and free of organic matter to further reduce outgassing.
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Optimizing Pumping Efficiency: For critical applications, maintaining a leak rate of less than 5 microns/hour is mandatory. This involves careful attention to the entire vacuum system, including joints, welds, seals, valves, and pumps.
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Sealing Methods: Various sealing methods can be employed, including welding, brazing, and gluing. Each method has its specific requirements and is chosen based on the materials and conditions involved. For instance, welding is the best method for sealing a vacuum chamber but requires highly trained welders. Brazing is another option but is more expensive and must be carefully executed. Gluing is applicable under special conditions and requires high-performance adhesives.
By implementing these measures, the performance and lifespan of vacuum furnaces can be optimized, leading to lower total operational costs compared to a reactive maintenance approach. Collaboration with OEMs or third-party suppliers for maintenance and availability of original replacement parts is also crucial for effective leak prevention.
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