Quartz and glass differ primarily in their composition, molecular structure, electrical properties, and thermal resistance.
Composition: Quartz contains a high percentage of silicon dioxide, typically over 99%, while glass has a maximum of up to 80% silicon dioxide. Glass often includes lead (up to 32%) to enhance its refractive index and improve its quality, which is not present in quartz.
Molecular Structure: Glass is an amorphous solid, meaning it has a random molecular structure when cut. In contrast, quartz has a symmetrical molecular structure, which is characteristic of crystalline materials. This symmetry in quartz is due to its orderly arrangement of atoms, unlike the disordered arrangement in glass.
Electrical Properties: Glass is a good insulator of electricity, making it suitable for applications where electrical isolation is required. Quartz, on the other hand, is a conductor of electricity, which is why it is used in electronic devices and components where electrical conductivity is necessary.
Thermal Resistance: Quartz can withstand higher temperatures and pressures compared to glass. This makes quartz a valuable material for use in harsh environments and as a protective covering where high resistance to temperature and pressure is needed.
Applications: Glass is commonly used in decorative items such as prisms, windows, chandeliers, and jewelry due to its optical properties and ease of fabrication. Quartz, with its electrical conductivity and thermal resistance, is utilized in watch batteries, electronic gadgets, and industrial applications where these properties are beneficial.
In summary, the differences between quartz and glass are significant in terms of their composition, structure, electrical properties, and thermal resistance, leading to different applications and functionalities in both industrial and decorative contexts.
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