Silica glass, specifically in the form of borosilicate glass, can withstand significant pressure due to its low thermal expansion coefficient and high temperature tolerance. Borosilicate glass is known for its ability to handle a broad temperature difference without fracturing, which is directly related to its low coefficient of linear expansion (3.3 x 10–6 K–1). This property allows it to maintain structural integrity under varying temperatures and pressures, making it suitable for use in pressure equipment.
Explanation:
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Low Thermal Expansion: Borosilicate glass has an exceptionally low coefficient of linear expansion, which means it does not expand or contract significantly with changes in temperature. This characteristic is crucial in maintaining the glass's structural integrity under pressure, as it reduces the risk of breakage from thermal stress.
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High Temperature Tolerance: Borosilicate glass can withstand high temperatures, with a maximum permissible operating temperature of 200°C under typical conditions. This high-temperature tolerance is essential in applications where the glass might be exposed to heat, such as in chemical and pharmaceutical processes. The glass starts to soften at 525°C and transitions to a liquid state above 860°C, indicating its robust thermal properties.
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Pressure Resistance: The combination of low thermal expansion and high temperature tolerance makes borosilicate glass an excellent material for handling pressure. For instance, in glass reactors made of G3.3 borosilicate glass, the design can withstand pressures up to 0.0095 millipascals in the working status. This pressure resistance is crucial in maintaining the safety and efficiency of processes involving high temperatures and pressures.
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Structural Integrity: The ability of borosilicate glass to maintain its shape and strength under varying temperatures and pressures is particularly important in applications like glass pipelines. The low thermal expansion reduces the need for costly compensatory measures for thermal expansion, ensuring the structural integrity of the glass equipment.
In summary, silica glass, particularly in the form of borosilicate glass, can withstand significant pressure due to its unique thermal properties and structural integrity. These characteristics make it a preferred material in various high-pressure and high-temperature applications, including laboratory equipment, chemical reactors, and medical devices.
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