The most commonly used brazing metals include tin-lead solder, silver-based filler metals, copper-based filler metals, manganese-based filler metals, nickel-based filler metals, and precious metal filler metals. Each of these materials has specific properties and applications that make them suitable for different brazing tasks.
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Tin-Lead Solder: Primarily used for soft brazing of stainless steel, this material is favored for its high tin content which enhances its wetting ability on stainless steel surfaces. However, due to its relatively low joint strength, it is typically used for parts with low load-bearing requirements.
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Silver-Based Brazing Material: This material is known for its low melting point and excellent wetting and caulking performance. It offers good strength, plasticity, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. Silver-based brazing materials are versatile and can be used to braze almost all ferrous and non-ferrous metals, making them widely applicable in various industries.
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Copper-Based Brazing Material: Based on copper and enhanced with elements like phosphorus, silver, zinc, tin, and others, these materials are widely used for brazing copper and copper alloys, as well as other materials like carbon steel, cast iron, stainless steel, and high-temperature alloys. They offer good electrical and thermal conductivity along with strength and corrosion resistance.
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Nickel-Based Brazing Material: These materials are based on nickel and are enhanced with elements like chromium, boron, silicon, and phosphorus to reduce melting points and improve thermal strength. They are extensively used for brazing stainless steel, high-temperature alloys, and other materials requiring high resistance to temperatures and corrosion.
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Precious Metal Filler Metals: This category includes materials like gold-based and palladium-based brazing consumables. They are particularly suitable for brazing important parts in industries like aerospace and electronics due to their excellent properties, including high conductivity and resistance to corrosion and high temperatures.
Each of these brazing metals is selected based on the specific requirements of the materials being joined and the conditions under which the joint will be used. The choice of brazing metal can significantly impact the strength, durability, and performance of the brazed joint.
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