The biomass used in pyrolysis can include various sources such as:
1. Lignocellulosic biomass: This is the most abundant renewable carbon source on Earth and includes forest residues, crop residues, purpose-grown energy crops (e.g., grasses), animal wastes, and food wastes.
2. Primary wood waste: This includes chips, sawdust, and tree branches from sawmills, furniture manufacturing, and construction.
3. Energy crops: These are crops grown specifically for use in the energy sector, such as rapeseed, jatropha, miscanthus, and sugar cane.
4. Agricultural waste: Biomass pyrolysis can convert agricultural waste such as straw, corn stover, rice husks, sugar cane bagasse, nut shells (coconut, sunflower), corn husk, wheat straw, oil production waste (e.g., olive, rapeseed, and sunflower waste), and palm seeds.
5. Municipal solid waste: Pyrolysis can convert municipal solid waste into biofuels, biochar, and syngas.
6. Algae: Algae can be converted into biofuels and biochar through pyrolysis.
7. Biomass from invasive species: Biomass from invasive species like phragmites, kudzu, and melaleuca can also be converted into biofuels and biochar.
The suitability of a biomass feedstock for pyrolysis depends on factors such as its composition, availability, and cost. The pyrolysis process can yield products like biochar, bio-oil, and syngas, depending on the temperature and heating rate applied. It is important to note that biomass pyrolysis offers a flexible and attractive way of converting solid biomass into a easily stored and transported liquid, which can be used for the production of heat, electricity, and chemicals.
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