The type of reactor used for pyrolysis can vary depending on the specific application and scale of the process. However, the most common types of reactors used for pyrolysis are fluidized bed reactors, circulating fluidized bed reactors, vacuum pyrolyzers, and ablative pyrolyzers.
Fluidized bed reactors and circulating fluidized bed reactors are considered the most favorable configurations for pyrolysis due to their ease of operation and the high quality of products obtained. These reactors use a stream of air or gas to fluidize the biomass, providing an even distribution of heat and allowing for a high degree of flexibility in the feedstock.
Vacuum pyrolyzers, as the name suggests, operate under vacuum conditions. This helps to reduce the boiling point of the biomass, allowing for lower temperature pyrolysis and minimizing the formation of unwanted byproducts.
Ablative pyrolyzers involve the rapid heating of the biomass in the presence of a hot inert gas or plasma. This causes the biomass to vaporize and undergo pyrolysis.
Other types of reactors that have been tested in laboratory scale include microwave, radiative, molten salt, and vacuum reactors. However, these technologies are still awaiting successful demonstration in pilot scale and are not commonly used in commercial pyrolysis processes.
In addition to these reactor types, there are also different designs for the pyrolysis reactor head, including flat head design, conical head design, and ellipsoid head design. The safety performance of the reactor head is determined by the ratio of the length and diameter of the shaft.
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