Making XRF pellets is a critical process that ensures the accuracy and reliability of X-Ray Fluorescence analysis.
6 Essential Steps to Ensure Accurate Analysis
1. Sample Preparation
The first step is to mill or grind the sample to a fine powder.
This ensures that the sample is homogeneous and suitable for XRF analysis.
The fineness of the powder is crucial as it affects the uniformity of the pellet and the accuracy of the XRF results.
2. Mixing with Binder
The powdered sample is then mixed with an X-ray powder or a similar binder, such as cellulose or boric acid.
This binder helps in the formation of the pellet by providing a medium for the particles to adhere to and by lubricating the flow of particles during the pressing process.
3. Inserting into Pellet Die
The mixture of sample and binder is then placed into a pellet die.
The die is typically round and comes in standard sizes such as 32 mm or 40 mm in diameter, which are commonly accepted by XRF spectrometers.
4. Compression
The die containing the sample mixture is compressed using a hydraulic press.
The compression is typically done at pressures between 15 and 40 tons, depending on the sample's characteristics.
For most samples, a load of 10-20 tonnes is sufficient to form a pellet in a 40 mm die.
However, for very hard or difficult samples, pressures up to 40 tonnes might be necessary.
5. Automation and Safety
For labs with high sample throughput, automated presses like the APEX 400 are available, which automate the pellet ejection step, increasing efficiency.
When handling powdered samples, it is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety glasses, to ensure safety.
6. Quality Control
Using high-quality XRF pellet dies and ensuring the sample is free of clumps before loading into the die are essential for consistent pellet shapes and sizes.
Additionally, using a pellet pressing lubricant can prevent the sample from sticking to the die, ensuring smooth operation and consistent results.
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