The reactors suitable for slow pyrolysis include the rotary-kiln reactor, drum pyrolysis reactor, and fixed bed reactors. These reactors are designed to provide a slow and controlled heating environment, which is essential for the production of biochar and other byproducts.
Rotary-Kiln Reactor: The rotary-kiln reactor is particularly effective for the production of oil from biomass. It is inclined at an angle and rotates at a slow pace, which enables it to distribute heat effectively to the substrate within the system. The efficiency of this reactor is influenced by factors such as heat supply and speed of rotation. This design ensures a prolonged exposure of biomass to heat, facilitating slow pyrolysis.
Drum Pyrolysis Reactor: The drum pyrolysis reactor, also known as the rotating drum reactor, is similar in design to the rotary-kiln reactor. It consists of a drum-shaped vessel that is housed in a furnace, acting as a heat-supply unit. The drum rotates continuously, circulating heat internally. This reactor is suitable for slow pyrolysis of biomass, yielding byproducts such as syngas and biochar. The simplicity of its design and the controlled heat distribution make it ideal for slow pyrolysis processes.
Fixed Bed Reactors: Fixed bed reactors are specifically suited for slow pyrolysis. In these reactors, heat for the degradation of biomass is supplied from the outside. The decomposition process in fixed bed reactors leads to an increase in the volume of gases and bio-oil, which are then removed from the system, while biochar is retained within the reactor. The primary outcome of this reactor type is biochar, which is a direct result of the slow pyrolysis process. The design of fixed bed reactors allows for high carbon preservation, low gas velocity, and a long solid residence time, all of which are critical for slow pyrolysis.
Each of these reactors is designed to handle the specific requirements of slow pyrolysis, such as slow heating rates and long residence times, which are essential for the production of biochar and other byproducts with specific properties.
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