A diffusion vacuum pump works by vaporizing and condensing a fluid, often referred to as oil, to capture and extract gas molecules from a vacuum chamber. This process helps achieve high vacuum levels. The pump operates without any moving parts, relying on the properties of the fluid and the design of the pump to create and maintain the vacuum.
5 Key Steps Explained
1. Heating the Fluid
The operation starts with heating the diffusion pump oil using a heater. This heating happens in a boilerplate, which brings the oil to its boiling temperature. The vaporization of the oil is crucial as it generates the necessary vapor flow for the pumping action.
2. Vapor Compression and Jet Action
The rising oil vapor is compressed in a vertically tapered stack that contains jet openings along its height. These jets are angled to create an umbrella-like flow of vapor. This vapor flow is designed to capture air molecules from the vacuum chamber effectively.
3. Capture and Transport of Gas Molecules
The angled jets direct the vapor flow in such a way that it sweeps up the gas molecules from the vacuum chamber. The high-speed vapor stream carries these molecules downwards, away from the vacuum chamber, due to the momentum transfer between the vapor and the gas molecules.
4. Condensation and Release
Cool condensing coils on the exterior of the pump facilitate the condensation of the oil vapor. As the vapor cools and condenses, the captured gas molecules are released near the base of the pump. This process not only recycles the oil back into the system but also ensures the continuous removal of gas molecules from the vacuum chamber.
5. Maintenance of Vacuum
The differential pressure between the top (connected to the vacuum chamber) and the bottom of the pump helps in drawing down the high vacuum in the chamber. This differential pressure is maintained by the continuous operation of the vaporization, capture, and condensation processes within the pump.
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