The seven classifications of ceramic materials, based on their composition and properties, are:
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Silicate Ceramics: These ceramics are primarily composed of silicate materials, which include clay, porcelain, and stoneware. They are known for their versatility and are commonly used in tableware, sanitaryware, and decorative items. Silicate ceramics are formed by mixing clay with water, shaping it into the desired form, and then firing it at high temperatures to harden and strengthen the material.
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Oxide Ceramics: This group includes ceramics made from oxides such as alumina (aluminum oxide) and zirconia (zirconium oxide). Oxide ceramics are valued for their high melting points, excellent electrical insulation properties, and resistance to wear and corrosion. They are used in various applications including electrical insulators, cutting tools, and wear-resistant components.
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Non-Oxide Ceramics: These ceramics are composed of non-oxide compounds such as carbides, nitrides, and borides. Examples include silicon carbide and titanium nitride. Non-oxide ceramics are known for their exceptional hardness and thermal stability, making them suitable for high-temperature applications and cutting tool materials.
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Structural Ceramics: These materials are designed for structural applications where high strength, toughness, and resistance to wear and corrosion are required. They include materials like ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), bricks, and refractories. Structural ceramics are used in construction, automotive, and aerospace industries.
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Technical (Advanced) Ceramics: Advanced ceramics are engineered materials with specific properties tailored for high-performance applications. They include materials like alumina, zirconia, and various composites. These ceramics are used in electronics, aerospace, and biomedical industries due to their superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.
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Refractory Ceramics: Refractory ceramics are materials that can withstand extremely high temperatures and are resistant to thermal shock and chemical attack. They are used in applications such as furnace linings, crucibles, and kiln furniture. Common materials in this category include magnesia, alumina, and silica.
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Consumer Ceramics: This category includes ceramics used in everyday consumer products such as dinnerware, giftware, and home fixtures. These ceramics are typically made from traditional materials like porcelain and stoneware and are valued for their aesthetic qualities and durability.
Each of these classifications represents a different aspect of ceramic materials, highlighting their diverse applications and the unique properties that make them suitable for various industrial and consumer uses.
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