In the field of dentistry, the quest for materials that offer both strength and durability is ongoing.
Ceramic materials have become increasingly popular due to their ability to provide excellent performance without compromising aesthetics.
Two of the most advanced ceramic materials currently used in dentistry are yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and lithium disilicate.
2 Key Materials Explained
1. Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is renowned for its high fracture strength and toughness.
This makes it particularly suitable for use in posterior prostheses, where durability is crucial.
YSZ is characterized by its high thermal resistance, low thermal conductivity, and chemical stability.
It is a high-performance material with excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties.
The tetragonal form of zirconia, which is metastable at room temperature, can transform to monoclinic zirconia under external stresses.
This transformation is associated with a 3 - 4% volume expansion that induces compressive stresses.
These compressive stresses close the tips of any advancing cracks, preventing them from propagating further.
This unique characteristic makes YSZ superior to other dental ceramics in terms of toughness and resistance to fracture.
2. Lithium Disilicate
Lithium disilicate ceramics are known for their high strength and esthetic properties.
This makes them suitable for both anterior and posterior restorations.
They are used in the construction of all-ceramic core crowns, where a high strength ceramic coping provides resistance against loading.
The material is produced via computer-assisted design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) systems, ensuring precision and accuracy in the manufacturing process.
Lithium disilicate's combination of high fracture resistance, esthetics, and good accuracy of fit contributes to its clinical success and popularity in restorative dentistry.
Both YSZ and lithium disilicate represent significant advancements in dental ceramics.
They offer superior mechanical properties and esthetics compared to traditional materials.
Their use in dentistry has expanded due to their ability to withstand the functional forces generated in the mouth cavity during chewing and other movements.
This ensures longevity and patient satisfaction.
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