The units for vacuum pressure are primarily expressed in millibar (mbar) and Torr. These units are used to quantify the degree of vacuum, which is the reduction in gas pressure within a confined space.
Explanation of Units:
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Millibar (mbar): This unit is commonly used in meteorology and engineering to measure atmospheric pressure. 1 mbar is equal to 100 pascals (Pa), which is a derived unit in the International System of Units (SI) for pressure. In the context of vacuum, mbar is used to describe the pressure levels below atmospheric pressure.
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Torr: Named after Evangelista Torricelli, the inventor of the barometer, Torr is a unit of pressure that is traditionally used in vacuum technology. 1 Torr is approximately equal to 1 mm of mercury (Hg) in a mercury barometer. It is slightly different from the SI unit of pressure (pascal), with 1 Torr being approximately 133.322 Pa.
Application and Ranges: The reference provided delineates different ranges of vacuum pressure, categorized into Rough/Low Vacuum, Fine/Medium Vacuum, High Vacuum, Ultra-High Vacuum, and Extreme High Vacuum. Each category is specified in both mbar and Torr, illustrating the common usage of both units in vacuum technology:
- Rough/Low Vacuum: 1000 to 1 mbar / 760 to 0.75 Torr
- Fine/Medium Vacuum: 1 to 10^-3 mbar / 0.75 to 7.5^-3 Torr
- High Vacuum: 10^-3 to 10^-7 mbar / 7.5^-3 to 7.5^-7 Torr
- Ultra-High Vacuum: 10^-7 to 10^-11 mbar / 7.5^-7 to 7.5^-11 Torr
- Extreme High Vacuum: < 10^-11 mbar / < 7.5^-11 Torr
These ranges help in selecting appropriate vacuum pumps and systems based on the required depth of vacuum for specific applications, such as in laboratories, industrial processes, or space simulations. The choice of unit (mbar or Torr) often depends on the context and the specific industry standards.
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