Biochar is primarily produced from biomass through a process called pyrolysis.
Biomass includes materials like wood, crop residues, and manure.
These materials are heated in the absence of oxygen to high temperatures, typically around 400°C.
This process decomposes the biomass into biochar, bio-gas, and bio-oil.
The main source of biochar is various forms of organic cellulosic materials.
Wood is one of the most commonly used feedstocks due to its availability and carbon content.
During pyrolysis, the biomass undergoes thermal decomposition without oxygen.
This prevents combustion and instead leads to the formation of biochar.
The process is energy-efficient as the energy required to reach the necessary temperatures can be derived from the combustion of the gaseous reaction products.
The biochar produced is rich in carbon and has a porous structure.
This makes it useful for various applications including soil amendment, carbon sequestration, and as a replacement for fossil coal.
The specific properties of biochar, such as its absorption capacity and moisture content, can vary.
These properties depend on the type of biomass used, the pyrolysis technology, temperature, and duration of the process.
These variations influence the suitability of the biochar for different applications.
For example, in agriculture, biochar is valued by organic farmers for its potential to improve soil fertility and plant growth.
Overall, the main source of biochar is biomass, particularly cellulosic materials like wood and agricultural residues.
These materials are transformed through pyrolysis into a carbon-rich, porous material with multiple environmental and agricultural benefits.
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