The thermal process of evaporation is a method used to vaporize a material by heating it to a temperature where the vapor pressure becomes significant.
This process causes atoms or molecules to be lost from the surface of the material in a vacuum.
The material can be in either a liquid or solid state before evaporation takes place.
5 Key Steps Explained
1. Heating the Target Material
The target material is subjected to very high temperatures, either through sublimation or boiling, to create a vapor.
2. Transporting the Vapor
The vaporized material is transported to the substrate through a vacuum environment.
3. Condensing on the Substrate
The vapor condenses on the surface of the substrate, forming a solid thin film.
4. Repeating the Process
The deposition process can be repeated to achieve further growth and nucleation of the thin film.
5. Utilizing Joule Heating
The process relies on joule heating of a resistive boat to heat the material to its evaporation point, and then the vaporized molecules travel from the source to the substrate to form a thin film coating.
Thermal evaporation is a popular technique because of its simplicity and versatility.
It can be used to deposit a wide range of materials, including aluminum, silver, nickel, chrome, and magnesium, among others.
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