Pyrolysis is a process that can convert most types of plastic into oil, gas, and char.
However, PVC and PET are exceptions and cannot be used for this process.
Plastics like PP, PE, PS, ABS, and various forms of mixed and pure plastics can undergo pyrolysis with varying oil yields.
The process involves the thermal decomposition of these plastics in the absence of oxygen.
What Types of Plastic Can Be Used for Pyrolysis? (4 Key Types Explained)
1. PP (Polypropylene), PE (Polyethylene), and PS (Polystyrene)
These plastics have high oil yields, often exceeding 90% when processed through pyrolysis.
They are commonly found in packaging, containers, and disposable cutlery.
2. ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
This plastic has an oil yield of over 40% and is used in products like electronic equipment, automotive parts, and toys.
3. Mixed and Pure Plastics
Various forms of plastic waste, including white plastic sheets, instant noodles packing bags, plastic logos, and plastic household garbage, can be pyrolyzed.
Their oil yields range from 20% to 70%, depending on the type and purity of the plastic.
4. Plastic Cable Sheath and Plastic Bags
These materials also undergo pyrolysis, with yields around 80% and 30%, respectively.
The Process of Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
The process involves heating the plastic waste to a high temperature (typically between 300°C and 900°C).
This breaks down the polymer chains into smaller molecules.
The result is the production of oil, gas, and a solid residue (char).
The oil produced can be further distilled and purified for use as fuel or raw material in chemical production.
Technologies and Economics
The efficiency and product distribution of pyrolysis depend on several factors.
These include the type of pyrolysis (fast, slow, or gasification), temperature, residence time, feed pretreatment, and the equipment used.
Fast pyrolysis is optimized for maximum liquid oil production, while slow pyrolysis produces more char.
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