The cost of a pyrolysis plant can vary depending on several factors such as the size of the plant, the type of technology used, and the feedstock (pre-treatment) costs. Small plants can cost as little as $30,000, while large-scale plants could cost as much as $5 million. However, the running cost of a pyrolysis plant can also be high, as the plants require a lot of energy to operate and the waste products produced can be hazardous.
In terms of production costs, studies indicate that pyrolysis oils can be produced for between 75 and 300 EUR per ton oil (4 to 18 EUR/GJ), assuming feedstock costs between 0 and 100 euros/t (0 to 1.9 EUR/GJ). Small-scale pyrolysis plants are typically designed to handle lower volumes of feedstock compared to larger industrial-scale plants, with capacities ranging from a few kilograms to a few tons per day.
There are also a variety of options available when it comes to pyrolysis plants, such as skid-mounted plants, batch type plants, semi-continuous plants, and fully continuous plants. This allows for flexibility in choosing a plant that best suits specific requirements.
Despite the initial investment, pyrolysis plants can offer a high return on investment. For example, a small pyrolysis machine can efficiently recycle 6-10 tons of plastics or tires within a day, with a compact footprint that minimizes land occupancy and reduces overall costs. The small pyrolysis machine price can be as low as $67,000, and the output can be sold for a higher price in the market, allowing for the conversion of waste into profit.
In terms of specific costs, an example calculation for a pyrolysis installation with a capacity of 2 t/h to convert dried sludge into bio oil shows investment costs of €1,000,000 for the installation, €250,000 for the accompanying fume gas purifier, and €200,000 for infrastructure. The operational costs per year amount to €961,000, but these costs can be reduced by profits from the sale of produced heat, energy, and bio-oils.
It is important to note that the process of pyrolysis is complex, involving high temperatures that split polymers into smaller molecules. The level of automation of pyrolysis plants varies and there is no specific data available on automation.
Overall, the cost of a pyrolysis plant can vary depending on various factors, but with the right design, technology, and feedstock, it can be an eco-friendly and energy-saving solution for waste disposal and energy production.
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