The five methods of synthesis of nanoparticles are:
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Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): This method involves the evaporation of solid materials under vacuum conditions, followed by their transportation, reaction, and deposition onto a substrate. PVD is an alternative to electroplating and includes processes like sputter coating and pulsed laser deposition.
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Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): CVD is a technique where gaseous precursors react at high temperatures to form nanostructures such as ceramic nanostructures, carbides, and carbon nanotubes. It is widely used in industrial settings due to its high speed, but it requires careful temperature control.
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Sol-Gels: This method involves the formation of an inorganic network through the hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides. The sol-gel process is versatile and can be used to create a variety of nanomaterials, including thin films, powders, and monoliths.
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Electro Deposition: This technique involves the deposition of metal ions onto a substrate through the application of an electric current. It is a cost-effective and efficient method for producing nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology.
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Ball Milling: Ball milling is a top-down approach where a powder material is placed in a container with balls and subjected to mechanical forces. The process can generate magnetic, catalytic, and structural nanoparticles. However, it has been associated with contamination issues, which have been mitigated by using tungsten carbide components and inert atmospheres.
Each of these methods has its advantages and limitations, and the choice of method depends on the desired properties of the nanoparticles and the specific application.
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