The two types of induction furnaces are core-type (or channel) induction furnaces and coreless induction furnaces.
Core-Type Induction Furnace: This type operates on the principle of a transformer, where electric energy is transferred from one alternating circuit to another at mains frequency. In a core-type induction furnace, an alternating current flows through a primary coil that surrounds an iron core. The furnace consists of a refractory lined steel shell containing the molten metal, with an induction unit attached to it. The induction unit has an iron core in the form of a ring around which a primary induction coil is wound. This assembly forms a simple transformer, with the molten metal loops acting as the secondary component. The heat generated within the loop causes the metal to circulate into the main well of the furnace, providing a stirring action in the melt. This type of furnace is typically used for melting low melting point alloys or as a holding and superheating unit for higher melting point alloys like cast iron.
Coreless Induction Furnace: The coreless induction furnace has a simpler construction, consisting of a refractory vessel and a surrounding coil supported by a steel frame. When an alternating current (AC) flows through the coil, it creates an electromagnetic field that induces eddy currents in the charged material. These eddy currents heat the material according to Joule’s law, eventually melting it. The main components of a coreless induction furnace include a crucible, a power supply unit with a transformer, inverter, and capacitor bank, a charging arrangement, a cooling system for the power supply and furnace coil, a process control system, and fume extraction equipment. This type of furnace is ideal for melting and alloying a wide variety of metals with minimal melt losses but offers little refining capability.
Both types of induction furnaces generate heat through the Joule Effect, where the resistance of the material to the flow of induced eddy currents results in the dissipation of energy as heat. This heating process is crucial for melting and processing metals in various industrial applications, such as steel manufacturing and investment casting.
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