Pyrolysis is a process that converts organic materials into various products like bio-oil, non-condensable gases, and char. The yields of these products can vary significantly depending on several factors.
1. Temperature
Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the yields of pyrolysis products. Different temperatures favor different products.
2. Residence Time
Residence time refers to how long the material stays in the pyrolysis reactor. This factor can significantly influence the type and amount of products obtained.
3. Bio-oil Yield
Bio-oil is a liquid product obtained from pyrolysis. The yield of bio-oil is maximized at temperatures between 350 to 500°C. Fast pyrolysis, which involves high heating rates and rapid cooling, can yield up to 80% bio-fuels on dry feed.
4. Non-condensable Gases Yield
Non-condensable gases are produced at higher temperatures, typically above 700°C. In this regime, about 80% of the biomass can be converted to combustible gas.
5. Char Yield
Char, the carbon-rich residue, is favored by low temperatures and heating rates. Slow pyrolysis processes, where the biomass is heated more slowly and at lower temperatures, tend to produce more char.
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