Fast pyrolysis of plastic is a process that involves the rapid heating of plastic waste in the absence of oxygen.
This process breaks down large plastic molecules into smaller, more useful molecules such as pyrolysis oil, gas, and residue.
Fast pyrolysis is a form of thermochemical conversion.
It aims to convert waste plastics into valuable resources.
This reduces waste and provides an alternative to traditional disposal methods.
What is Fast Pyrolysis of Plastic? (5 Key Steps Explained)
1. Shredding and Drying
The plastic waste is first shredded into smaller pieces.
It is then dried to remove any moisture.
This step prepares the plastic waste for the pyrolysis process.
Reducing its size and ensuring it is dry helps achieve a more efficient and controlled pyrolysis reaction.
2. Preprocessing
Non-plastic materials are separated from the plastic waste.
This ensures the purity of the input for pyrolysis.
Preventing contamination of the pyrolysis products is important.
It ensures that the process is as efficient as possible.
3. Pyrolysis
The processed plastic is heated rapidly in a reactor without oxygen.
This high-temperature process typically ranges between 400°C and 650°C.
The plastic decomposes into pyrolysis oil, gas, and a solid residue.
The specific yields of oil, gas, and residue depend on the type and quality of the plastic waste.
Yields range from 50-80% for oil, 20-35% for gas, and 3-30% for residue.
4. Distillation and Purification
The pyrolysis oil is then distilled and purified.
This step refines the pyrolysis oil to remove impurities.
It improves its properties, making it suitable for use as a fuel or in chemical processes.
5. Storage and Dispatch
The final products, including the purified oil and gas, are stored safely.
They are then distributed for use.
This contributes to a circular economy where waste is transformed into valuable resources.
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