Pyrolysis plants produce a variety of outputs from biomass and organic polymeric wastes.
These outputs are derived from the thermochemical processing of these materials within a reactor.
Heat is applied in the absence of oxygen to break down large organic molecules into smaller ones.
5 Key Products Explained
1. Solid Char
Solid char includes all solid products from the pyrolysis process.
It primarily consists of organic matter with high carbon content and ash.
The char is rich in carbon and can also contain impurities such as aromatic compounds.
Intensive pyrolysis, which primarily results in solid carbon residue, is known as carbonization.
2. Liquids
The liquid products from pyrolysis are water and bio-oil.
Water is produced both as a direct product of pyrolysis and indirectly during the initial drying stage via evaporation.
Bio-oil is a brown, polar liquid composed of a mixture of oxygenated compounds.
Its composition varies depending on the feedstock and reaction conditions.
For example, lignin in wood decomposes to produce phenolic compounds in bio-oil.
Hemicellulose components like xylose, arabinose, and mannose decompose to form furfurals in bio-oil.
3. Gases
The gas products from pyrolysis include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and light hydrocarbons (CXHY).
The composition of these gases depends on the temperature of the pyrolysis process.
Higher temperatures tend to produce more H2 and CXHY gases.
4. Applications
These outputs from pyrolysis have various applications.
They are used in the chemical and power generation industries.
The yields and qualities of these products are influenced by the operating conditions of the pyrolysis process.
These conditions include temperature, residence time, and the type of feedstock used.
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