The process of rubber pyrolysis involves the thermal decomposition of rubber in the absence of oxygen, typically at high temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 degrees Celsius.
This process breaks down the rubber into various by-products including pyrolysis oil, carbon black, syngas, and steel wire.
Each of these by-products has specific uses and applications.
5 Key Steps in the Rubber Pyrolysis Process
1. Drying
Before the pyrolysis process begins, the rubber feedstock is dried to remove any moisture.
This step is crucial to prevent unwanted reactions and to ensure efficient pyrolysis.
2. Pyrolysis
The dried rubber is then subjected to high temperatures in a sealed reactor, which lacks oxygen.
This thermal decomposition process causes the rubber to break down into volatile gases, liquid products, and solid char.
The rubber becomes brittle and separates from the steel, forming a rubber char.
Subsequently, the oil and gas are forced out of the rubber char and removed from the reactor.
The char is further processed into a carbon black-like substance, and the steel wires are separated.
3. Condensation and Collection
The gases and liquids produced during pyrolysis are condensed and collected.
The main liquid product, pyrolysis oil, can be used as a fuel in various industries such as cement, glass, ceramic, power, and steel factories.
It can also be used to generate electricity or further processed into non-standard diesel oil or fuel oil.
4. Carbon Black
The solid char, or carbon black, can be processed into carbon black balls for direct combustion or ground and used in tire manufacturing or ink production.
5. Syngas
The combustible gas, or syngas, generated during pyrolysis can be used to provide heat for the reactor, thereby saving fuel costs, or stored for other uses.
6. Steel Wire
The separated steel wires are cooled, compacted, and made available for transport to a steel recycler or steel processing furnace.
The pyrolysis process is characterized by the thermal degradation of solid fuel, involving the rupture of carbon–carbon bonds and the formation of carbon–oxygen bonds.
The efficiency and effectiveness of the process are enhanced by advanced technologies and systems, such as fully sealed reactors and automatic operation methods, which reduce environmental impact and labor requirements.
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