Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process where organic materials are decomposed at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen.
This process typically occurs at temperatures above 430 °C (800 °F) and under pressure, leading to the breakdown of long chain molecules into smaller molecules.
The term "pyrolysis" is derived from the Greek words "pyro" meaning fire and "lysis" meaning separating, reflecting the process of breaking down materials through heat.
What is the Simple Explanation of Pyrolysis? (5 Key Points Explained)
1. Thermal Decomposition
Pyrolysis involves the thermal decomposition of organic materials.
This means that the materials are heated to a point where their chemical bonds break due to the energy provided by the heat.
This is different from combustion, which requires oxygen, and hydrolysis, which involves water.
2. Absence of Oxygen
One of the key characteristics of pyrolysis is that it occurs in the absence of oxygen.
This is crucial because the lack of oxygen prevents combustion and instead promotes the decomposition of the material into its constituent parts.
3. Products of Pyrolysis
The process of pyrolysis results in the production of three main types of products: solids (char), condensable liquids (oils and tars), and non-condensable gases.
The exact composition of these products depends on the specific conditions of the pyrolysis, such as the temperature, pressure, and heating rate.
4. Applications
Pyrolysis is commonly used in the treatment of various organic materials, including biomass, plastics, tires, and even hazardous waste.
It is also involved in the process of charring wood and is considered the first step in gasification or combustion.
5. Extreme Pyrolysis
When the process is taken to an extreme, where the primary residue is mostly carbon, it is called carbonization.
This is a more focused breakdown of materials, typically used to produce activated carbon.
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