The temperature range for the pyrolysis of wood typically spans from 200°C to 550°C.
This range can vary depending on the specific type of pyrolysis process and the desired end products.
What is the temperature range of pyrolysis of wood? (3 Key Ranges Explained)
1. Lower Temperature Range (200°C - 300°C)
At the lower end of the temperature spectrum, around 200°C to 300°C, the pyrolysis process begins with the initial decomposition of wood.
This stage is characterized by the dehydration of wood components, leading to the production of unsaturated polymers and semicoke.
This temperature range is often associated with slow pyrolysis processes, where the primary goal is to produce charcoal with a significant volatile content, suitable for household fuel use.
2. Mid-Range Temperature (300°C - 450°C)
As the temperature increases to between 300°C and 450°C, the decomposition of wood components such as hemicellulose and cellulose becomes more pronounced.
Hemicellulose decomposes between 250°C and 400°C, while cellulose requires temperatures from 310°C to 430°C to decompose.
Lignin, another major component of wood, begins to decompose at around 300°C and continues up to 530°C.
This temperature range is crucial for the production of bio-oil and gases, as it facilitates the rupture of carbon–carbon bonds and the formation of carbon–oxygen bonds, leading to the generation of various gaseous and liquid products.
3. Higher Temperature Range (450°C - 550°C)
At the higher end of the temperature range, from 450°C to 550°C, the pyrolysis process is intensified, leading to more extensive decomposition and the production of a higher proportion of gases and a lower proportion of char.
This range is typically associated with fast pyrolysis processes, which aim to maximize the yield of bio-oil by rapidly heating and cooling the biomass.
Industrial pyrolysis processes often operate at these higher temperatures to optimize the production of gaseous and liquid products.
In summary, the temperature range for pyrolysis of wood is broad, allowing for a variety of end products and process efficiencies depending on the specific needs and goals of the pyrolysis operation.
The choice of temperature within this range is critical as it directly influences the composition and yield of the products obtained from the pyrolysis process.
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