Graphene's thermal conductivity is remarkably high and changes with temperature.
Unlike typical metal materials, graphene's thermal conductivity surpasses metals like iron, lead, and steel.
Initially, it increases with temperature before decreasing.
This behavior is driven by the energetic motion of heated molecules within graphene, which enhances heat conduction through its structure.
What is the Thermal Conductivity of Graphene with Temperature? (4 Key Points)
1. Initial Increase in Thermal Conductivity with Temperature
Graphene, a form of carbon with a highly ordered structure, shows exceptional thermal conductivity due to its strong covalent bonds and free-moving electrons.
At lower temperatures, the thermal conductivity of graphene increases as the temperature rises.
This happens because increased thermal energy excites electrons and phonons (quantized modes of vibrational energy), enhancing their mobility and the rate of heat transfer.
2. Decrease in Thermal Conductivity at Higher Temperatures
As the temperature continues to rise, the thermal conductivity of graphene starts to decrease.
This is due to increased scattering of phonons at higher temperatures, which disrupts their flow and reduces their contribution to thermal conductivity.
At very high temperatures, the material's density and porosity can also affect the efficiency of heat transfer.
3. Anisotropic Nature of Graphene
Graphene is an anisotropic material, meaning its thermal properties can vary depending on the direction of heat flow.
This anisotropy can lead to different thermal conductivity values depending on the orientation of the graphene layers.
This is a critical factor in applications where heat management is crucial.
4. Experimental Observations
Graphene is used in thermochromic devices, where its thermal properties can be modulated electrically.
This modulation is evident in color changes observed in thermochromic strips when voltage is applied, indicating a change in temperature.
This demonstrates graphene's potential in sensor applications, where its conductivity can be dynamically adjusted.
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