Ceramics are known for their ability to withstand high heat.
This is due to their intrinsic properties such as hardness, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, and resistance to high temperatures and thermal shocks.
Ceramics are often used in applications where high heat resistance is required, such as in the space shuttle tiles and the outer protective layer of high-speed aircraft.
5 Key Points to Know
1. Traditional Ceramics
Traditional ceramics, made from clay or mixed with materials like silica sand, are known to be stable thermally, mechanically, and chemically.
They are formed into a desired shape, dried, and then hardened (sintered) in a high-temperature kiln or furnace.
2. Advanced Ceramics
Advanced ceramics, such as silicon carbide, can maintain their high mechanical strength at temperatures as high as 1,400˚C.
They have higher chemical corrosion resistance than other ceramics.
3. Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics
Ultra-high temperature ceramics have a melting point greater than 3000°C.
These materials are used in high-speed aircraft where temperatures can reach more than 2000°C in a very short time.
4. Challenges with Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics
Ultra-high temperature ceramics face the problem of low fracture toughness during the sintering process due to their high melting point, strong covalent bonds, and relatively low self-diffusion rates.
5. Solutions to Improve Fracture Toughness
To solve and improve this problem, toughened particles or fibers can be added to the raw materials to form a composite ceramic matrix.
The SPS sintering method can achieve dense sintering of ceramics at relatively low temperatures.
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