Tech Team · Kintek Solution

To make biochar through pyrolysis, the process involves several key steps including pre-heating the reactor, feeding the biomass, and managing the by-products and energy recovery. Here's a detailed explanation of each step:

1. Pre-heating the Reactor: The biochar reactor needs to be pre-heated for 30-60 minutes before the process begins. This ensures that the reactor is at an optimal temperature to initiate and sustain the pyrolysis process.

2. Feeding the Biomass: Once the reactor is pre-heated, the prepared biomass is fed into the reactor using a constant feeder. The biomass should be dry and ideally pelletized to increase the contact area, which promotes efficient degradation. Wet biomass can decrease the efficiency of the process.

3. Pyrolysis Process: After the biomass is fed into the reactor, which operates in a low-oxygen environment, the pyrolysis process begins. This typically takes about 15 to 20 minutes. During this time, the biomass decomposes and forms biochar. The process is driven by heat, which can be supplied by an external source or by the combustion of produced gases.

4. By-product Management: As the biomass decomposes, biogas is generated. This biogas passes through a cyclone dust remover and a spray dust collector to remove impurities. It then enters a condenser system where tar and wood vinegar are extracted. The remaining combustible gas is recycled and used as fuel to heat the reactor, enhancing the process's energy efficiency.

5. Energy Recovery: The high-temperature exhaust gas generated after combustion can be utilized as a heating source for other systems, such as a drying system, further improving the overall energy efficiency of the operation.

6. Quality Control: The quality and properties of the biochar produced can vary significantly depending on the type of biomass used, the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and vapor residence time. For agricultural use, slow pyrolysis is often preferred as it can produce high-quality biochars with consistent properties. In slow pyrolysis, the biomass is heated at a rate of 1 to 30 °C per minute in an oxygen-limited or oxygen-free environment, typically at atmospheric pressure.

This process not only produces biochar but also manages and utilizes the by-products effectively, making it a sustainable method for biomass conversion. The variability in biochar properties underscores the importance of careful control and optimization of the pyrolysis process parameters to meet specific application requirements.

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