Porcelain crucibles are made of high temperature-resistant materials, with porcelain being one of the common options. Porcelain is a type of ceramic material that is composed of around 60% pure kaolin (a type of clay) and 40% other additives such as feldspar, quartz, or oxides. These additives help give porcelain its color, increase its hardness, and make it more durable.
Porcelain is created by shaping thin sheets of ceramic into various forms and then firing them at high temperatures. This process allows for the creation of beautiful colors and patterns on the surface of the porcelain. Porcelain crucibles are usually made in small sizes, ranging from 10 to 15 ml, and are commonly used for gravimetric chemical analysis.
In addition to porcelain, other materials such as alumina, zirconia, and magnesia are also used to make crucibles. Metals like platinum, nickel, and zirconium have also been used in the production of crucibles. The lids of crucibles are typically designed to be loose-fitting, allowing gases to escape during the heating of a sample inside.
The choice of crucible material and shape depends on the intended use. For example, low and wide crucibles are suitable for melting metals, as the wide surface area allows for even heating and melting. Tall and narrow crucibles, on the other hand, are preferred for containing substances during chemical reactions, as they reduce the surface area and make it easier to control the reaction and minimize evaporation.
Overall, porcelain crucibles are made of a high temperature-resistant material and are commonly used in laboratories for chemical analysis due to their affordability and disposability.
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