Furnace tubes are typically made from materials that can withstand high temperatures and resist chemical reactions with the substances being processed. Common materials for furnace tubes include ceramic materials like mullite or recrystallized alumina (RCA), quartz glass, and metals such as stainless steel or Inconel.
Ceramic Materials:
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Mullite and Recrystallized Alumina (RCA): These ceramic materials are chosen for their ability to withstand high temperatures and their chemical resistance. Mullite, for instance, is a crystalline compound that is stable at temperatures up to 1800°C, making it suitable for use in high-temperature furnaces. Recrystallized alumina, on the other hand, is even more resistant to thermal shock and can withstand temperatures up to 1800°C as well. These materials are often used in applications where the furnace is exposed to extreme environments, such as in laboratory analysis furnaces.
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Quartz Glass: Quartz tubes are suitable for temperatures up to 1200°C and are the most cost-effective option for many applications. Their transparency is beneficial for visual monitoring of processes inside the furnace. However, quartz is less durable in terms of withstanding repeated heat-cool cycles compared to other materials.
Metals:
- Stainless Steel and Inconel: These metals are used in furnace tubes due to their high temperature resistance and durability. Stainless steel is resistant to oxidation and corrosion, making it suitable for various industrial applications. Inconel, a nickel-chromium alloy, is particularly known for its high strength and resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures, making it ideal for use in furnaces where temperatures can exceed 1000°C.
Each material has its specific advantages and limitations, and the choice of material for furnace tubes depends on the specific requirements of the application, including the maximum operating temperature, chemical resistance needed, and the mechanical stresses the tube will endure. For instance, in environments with internal pressure or specific atmospheres, dense alumina or mullite tubes are preferred due to their strength and resistance to thermal shock, although they require careful control of heating rates to prevent cracking.
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