Tungsten carbide sintering occurs at different temperature stages.
The first stage is the removal of the molding agent and pre-burning stage, which happens below 1800°C. In this stage, the temperature is gradually increased to allow for the evaporation of moisture, gas, and residual solvent in the pressed tungsten carbide. The molding agent also contributes to the carbon content of the sintered cemented carbide.
The second stage is the solid-phase sintering stage, which occurs between 800°C and the eutectic temperature. During this stage, the tungsten carbide powder grain size increases and combines with cobalt powder to form a eutectic. Solid-phase reactions and diffusion are intensified, leading to enhanced plastic flow and significant shrinkage of the sintered body.
The third stage is the liquid phase sintering stage, which occurs from the eutectic temperature to the sintering temperature. At temperatures between 1400°C and 1480°C, the binder powder melts into a liquid phase. When the liquid phase appears in the sintered base, shrinkage is completed quickly, followed by crystallographic transformation to form the basic structure and structure of the alloy. Surface tension of the liquid phase causes powder particles to approach each other and fill the pores within the particles.
The final stage is the cooling stage, which occurs from the sintering temperature to room temperature. The structure and phase composition of tungsten carbide change during this stage, depending on the cooling conditions. Controlled cooling can be used to improve the physical and mechanical properties of tungsten carbide.
Overall, tungsten carbide sintering involves powder preparation, blending, compacting, and sintering. The powder mixture of tungsten and carbon is heated in a controlled environment to fuse into a solid mass, resulting in a denser and more homogeneous structure with high hardness, toughness, and resistance to wear and corrosion.
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