Calcination is a process used primarily on metal ores such as limestone (calcium carbonate), dolomite, and magnesite. This process involves heating the ore to a temperature below its melting point in the presence of limited air or oxygen, primarily to remove volatile impurities or to cause thermal decomposition.
Limestone (Calcium Carbonate): Calcination of limestone is one of the most common applications of this process. When limestone is heated, it decomposes into quicklime (calcium oxide) and carbon dioxide. This process is essential in the production of cement and for use in steelmaking and flue gas desulfurization. The rotary kiln is often used for this process, especially when dealing with finer particle sizes, as it provides a more uniform product at a higher rate.
Dolomite and Magnesite: Similar to limestone, dolomite and magnesite undergo calcination to remove impurities and to convert them into their respective oxides. The rotary kiln is also used for these processes, offering advantages such as handling a broad size range of charge material and operating at high calcination temperatures.
Other Applications: Calcination is not limited to these ores; it can also be used to remove bound moisture from materials like borax. The process can be carried out in various types of furnaces, including muffle, reverberatory, or shaft furnaces, and kilns, typically heated to temperatures between 800°C to 1300°C depending on the specific requirements of the material being processed.
In summary, calcination is a versatile pyrometallurgical process used extensively in the treatment of metal ores to refine them for various industrial applications. The key aspect of calcination is the controlled heating of the ore to facilitate chemical changes without melting the material.
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