Preparing sample specimens for analysis requires a variety of specialized equipment. Here’s a breakdown of the key apparatus used in this process.
8 Essential Tools for Sample Specimen Preparation
1. Laboratory Mills, Grinders, Jaw Crushers, and Presses
These tools are crucial for preparing solid samples. They grind or crush the sample into smaller particles, making it easier for further analysis.
2. Automated Dilution and Dosage Systems
These systems ensure accurate weight/weight or weight/volume ratios for both solid and liquid samples. They help dilute or dose samples to the desired concentration.
3. Soxhlet Apparatus
This apparatus is used for extracting substances from solid samples. It includes several key components:
- Round-bottom flask: The main vessel where the solid sample and extraction solvent are placed. It can withstand high temperatures and pressure.
- Thimble: A small cylindrical container that holds the solid sample and allows the extraction solvent to circulate.
- Condensate tube: A double serpentine condenser that uses acetone and dry ice to condense the sample.
- Evaporation flask: This flask evaporates the sample by rotating at a constant speed and temperature.
- Receiving flask: Collects and recycles the condensed sample.
- Evaporation tube: A rotating support shaft for the sample, cycling it through the vacuum system.
- Rotary motor: Provides the force to rotate the evaporation bottle with the sample.
- Vacuum system: Lowers the pressure in the rotary evaporator system.
- Bath kettle: Heats the sample with oil or water.
4. Concentrators
These devices provide a steady progression of nitrogen or other gas into test tubes, sample vials, and microplates. This speeds up solvent evaporation and sample concentration.
5. Vacuum Pump
A vacuum pump reduces the fume pressure within an evaporation system, allowing the sample to bubble at a lower temperature.
6. Pressure Bleeder Valve
This valve monitors pressure and reduces the likelihood of knocking, commonly found on standard or chemical-safe models.
7. Circulating Chillers
These chillers provide cooled water through the condenser, lowering the solvent's temperature being evaporated off to consolidate in the receiving flask.
8. Cole-Parmer Evaporator System
This system simplifies the setup and operation of the evaporator. It includes a rotary evaporator with a computerized water bath, mechanical lift, and standard glassware set.
These apparatuses and systems are vital for sample specimen preparation in various industries, including materials, forensics, life science, environmental, and chemical industries. They ensure efficient extraction, concentration, and analysis of substances from solid samples.
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